Interest and total amount from principal, rate and time — the I = P × R × T formula.
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Interest = Principal × Rate × Time, where the rate is the yearly percentage divided by 100 and the time is measured in years. The total amount is the principal plus the interest. For example, $5,000 at 5% for 3 years earns $5,000 × 0.05 × 3 = $750 of interest, for a total of $5,750.
Simple interest shows up in many car loans, short-term personal loans, some bonds and savings products, and in late-payment penalties. Mortgages and credit cards work differently — mortgages amortize month by month, and credit cards charge interest on the daily balance.
Simple interest is always calculated on the original principal only, so it grows by the same amount every year. Compound interest is calculated on the principal plus the interest already earned, so it grows faster and faster over time.
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